The Virtuosi driver led from pole for the duration, breaking DRS to Frederik Vesti (Prema) by lap seven before building a five-second lead before Vesti pitted.
Doohan followed suit two laps later and emerged in front, eventually building a nine-second lead for his first win since Belgium last year.
It comes after a struggle so far in 2023, his second F2 season, having only taken two podiums after a strong showing in his rookie year.
Championship leader Vesti finished second to extend his lead to 11 points, fending off a late challenge from Victor Martins (ART), who took his seventh podium amid a stunning rookie season.
There was action from the off as Vesti and Martins tussled at Turn 1, the more experienced driver emerging ahead behind Doohan.
The yellow flags were waved briefly on lap three as Clement Novalak came to a stop on track at Turn 4 in his Trident-run car, but action was not disrupted.
Doohan had broken DRS to Vesti by lap seven as the pitstops started behind, with Zane Maloney the first to swap to the medium tyres for Rodin Carlin.
Ayumu Iwasa, who ran the alternate strategy for DAMS, was quicker than the leaders by this point, running 0.039s quicker than Doohan on lap eight.
Vesti was closing on Doohan by lap 10, with the gap at 0.7s, but it was back up to 1.2s two laps later as Isack Hadjar (Hitech) became the first of the top five to stop.
Source: Autosport